Architecture , Engineering And Construction Research Articles

Determining the stationary digital twins implementation barriers for sustainable construction projects

PurposePrevious research has demonstrated that Digital Twins (DT) are extensively employed to improve sustainable construction methods. Nonetheless, their uptake in numerous nations is still constrained. This study seeks to identify and examine the digital twin’s implementation barriers in construction building projects to augment operational performance and sustainability.Design/methodology/approachAn iterative two-stage approach was adopted to explore the phenomena under investigation. General DT Implementation Barriers were first identified from extant literature and subsequently explored using primary questionnaire survey data from Hong Kong building industry professionals.FindingsSurvey results illustrated that Lack of methodologies and tools, Difficulty in ensuring a high level of performance in real-time communication, Impossibility of directly measuring all data relevant to the DT, need to share the DT among multiple application systems involving multiple stakeholders and Uncertainties in the quality and reliability of data are the main barriers for adopting digital twins' technology. Moreover, Ginni’s mean difference measure of dispersion showed that the stationary digital twin’s barriers adoption is needed to share the DT among multiple application systems involving multiple stakeholders.Practical implicationsThe study’s findings offer valuable guidance to the construction industry. They help stakeholders adopt digital twins' technology, which, in turn, improves cost efficiency and sustainability. This adoption reduces project expenses and enhances environmental responsibility, providing companies a competitive edge in the industry.Originality/valueThis research rigorously explores barriers to Digital Twin (DT) implementation in the Hong Kong construction industry, employing a systematic approach that includes a comprehensive literature review, Ranking Analysis (RII) and Ginni’s coefficient of mean difference (GM). With a tailored focus on Hong Kong, the study aims to identify, analyze and provide novel insights into DT implementation challenges. Emphasizing practical relevance, the research bridges the gap between academic understanding and real-world application, offering actionable solutions for industry professionals, policymakers and researchers. This multifaceted contribution enhances the feasibility and success of DT implementation in construction projects within the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) sector.

Ameliorating the profound gender wage gap in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry among the APEC members: The could and should

This research aims to discover the challenges and propose effective strategies to empower women by ameliorating the gender wage gap in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry among the APEC members. The study applied document review analysis and conducted focus group discussions, where thirty female professionals in the AEC industry from APEC participated. The results report four challenges contributing to the gender wage gap, namely gender bias and stereotyping, work-family conflicts, physical strength and lack of transparency. Based on the challenges, the study suggests several key strategies focusing on women's participation in the AEC industry, encouraging gender-friendly workplaces, healthy and safe workplaces, and fair career development opportunities to reduce the gender wage gap effectively. The findings suggest that by increasing awareness of the value of women's involvement in the AEC industry, pragmatic policies should be formulated for APEC members to break down the barriers to the gender wage gap.

Effects of digital readiness on digital competence of AEC companies: a dual-stage PLS-SEM-ANN analysis

ABSTRACT To what extent does a firm’s digital readiness influence its competence in implementing digital initiatives? This study employs a deep-learning-based dual-stage approach using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to demonstrate and quantify this relationship. Data were sourced from a questionnaire survey involving 428 architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) firms in New Zealand. The PLS-SEM analysis confirmed the positive correlation between the digital readiness of an organization and its competence towards seven types of DT, including immersive technologies, sensing technology, robotics, 3D printing, digital fabrication, artificial intelligence and big data. The ANN analysis further quantified the importance of the investigated readiness indicators in influencing digital competence. The results highlighted four most significant readiness attributes influencing the digital competence of AEC firms: (1) organizational culture, (2) perception of the leadership team, (3) hardware & software systems and (4) strategy plans. The findings can serve as a baseline for developing effective change management strategies and contribute to reducing the digital divide within AEC organizations, facilitating the effectiveness of organizational digital transformation.

A phenomenological inquiry of Building Information Modelling macro-adoption in Uruguay

Building information modelling (BIM) application in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sectors has received attention, particularly in most Global North countries. However, there is a dearth of literature on its application in the Global South context. This research explores insights into the uptake and use of BIM in the Uruguayan AEC sector and proposes recommendations for accelerating its adoption. This study adopted the phenomenological research design. Through interviews with experts, this study relies on phenomenological analysis of a purposely sampled group of (n = 7) experts in BIM in the Uruguayan AEC industry. The discoveries and findings confirm that BIM is still at an early stage of maturity, and many practitioners still need to be convinced of its benefits. Therefore, pilot projects and the development of BIM guidelines are essential to align industry procedures and demonstrate the benefits of implementing BIM to convince hesitant professionals and increase levels of adoption. Furthermore, organisations’ main implementation drivers are external forces such as client requirements or the need to acquire a competitive advantage. This study’s findings imply that BIM diffusion dynamics in Uruguay are more aligned with a top-down approach, thus highlighting a design for ‘push’ by authorities such as the government. Overall, this study fills a research gap in the Uruguayan AEC industry and provides an academic reference background for policymakers for future actions. The paper is of value, as it contributes to the current state-of-the-art BIM research by drawing insights from the AEC industry in a typical developing country context.

Our Common Gulf Cities: agenda for equitable AEC industries for sustainable urban development

PurposeThis paper delves into the critical role of women in the domains of architecture, engineering, construction and urban planning, particularly within the context of the United Nations sustainable development goals (SDGs) and the imperative of achieving gender parity. Concentrating on the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, this paper explores the profound importance of women as essential contributors to urbanisation and sustainable development. It scrutinizes the existing gender disparities within the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industries; evaluates prevailing women empowerment indices in diverse sectors; and presents a strategic framework for harnessing women’s engagement to cultivate inclusive and sustainable urban cultures in the GCC. This conceptual paper introduces an actionable framework that can serve as a guiding agenda for empowering women in the AEC sectors by incorporating their socio-cultural, economic and ecological contributions towards creating sustainable cities.Design/methodology/approachCentring its focus on Gulf Cities, this paper employs a comprehensive approach to examine the current gender disparities within the architecture, engineering and construction sectors. It probes potential barriers and advocates for leveraging women’s participation to foster inclusive and sustainable urban development in the GCC. The study introduces the Women’s Empowerment Index (WEI) for the Gulf AEC industry elucidating how these measures are translated into a tailored framework.FindingsThe paper presents a practical framework that provides actionable guidance for engaging various stakeholders, including governments, academia and industry players, to empower women within the AEC industries. An “Agenda for equitable AEC industries for sustainable urban development: Our Common Gulf Cities” is culminated in a Women Empowerment Index for the AEC Industry (WEI-AEC) designed to serve as a guidance tool to monitor progress within industry, governments and academia.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research endeavours could advance the framework by conducting institutional support analyses, multi-stakeholder collaboration studies and practical testing of the framework within real-world scenarios.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study can guide and influence a diverse range of initiatives, including policy development, educational strategies, corporate endeavours, awareness campaigns, capacity-building programs, skill enhancement initiatives and knowledge exchange among the Gulf Cooperation Council countries.Originality/valueThis conceptual paper introduces a practical framework that can serve as a roadmap for implementing the study’s potential to shape policies, educational programs and corporate initiatives aimed at advancing both gender equality and the development of sustainable cities.

Sustainability of underground infrastructure – Part 1: Digitalisation-based carbon assessment and baseline for TBM tunnelling

Alongside the transition towards sustainable and renewable infrastructure and energy production, tunnelling projects that adopt tunnel boring machines (TBM) continue to increase in size and complexity. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies have a significant impact on the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, with a shift in focus to cost and carbon management across the infrastructure lifecycle through the use of digitalisation techniques and sustainability rating systems. This paper aims to develop a systematic framework to enhance the sustainability of underground infrastructure in the early design and construction stages, aiming for “build clever and efficiently”. This framework integrates digitalisation, carbon assessment standards, numerical modelling, and optimisation techniques to assess carbon emissions and establish benchmarks for construction products and processes. The approach uses parametric models to define tunnelling-related entities such as geological formations, TBM, and segments, designed with dimensional constraints that allow for adaptive modelling and interactions. Enabled by building information modelling (BIM) through parametric models enriched with domain properties, module-based carbon accounting is adopted to evaluate the footprint of material- and asset-level key emitters with functional units. Leveraging established databases, baselines for segmental lining designs and carbon reduction strategies are established. Through project-driven case studies, the correlations among geotechnical conditions, tunnel dimensions, and TBM operating parameters are developed to quantify TBM carbon emissions. A prototype programme demonstrates the framework's application on typical metro and road tunnels at different levels of details (LoD). This paper serves as a guideline for conducting embodied carbon assessments specifically tailored to TBM tunnelling, acknowledging the substantial contribution of the TBM construction process, which is controlled by geotechnical conditions.

Linking education and practice gaps for inclusive architecture in the AEC industry

PurposeThis study explores the opportunities for a gender-inclusive architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, focussing on the gap between architectural education and practice. This study focusses on three research questions: (1) What factors influence women architects' career retention and advancement in the AEC industry? How can practice outcomes be linked with educational approaches for gender inclusion in the AEC industry? (3) What critical factors can enable structural changes in architecture education, including AEC-related subjects and practice/career pathways towards gender equity?Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on a systematic literature review (SLR). The established timeframe for selecting papers in this study considered the last 20 years, as various seminal studies in feminism and gender inclusion in architecture emerged in the early 2000s through the definition of keywords used in two prestigious databases. The academic articles selected were filtered through a process of inclusion and exclusion, following criteria for suitability and relevance using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) diagram.FindingsThis study revealed key trends in the literature review consistent with the research questions, including (1) the disproportionate struggles women face at individual, interpersonal and organisational levels and the gender-based bias from entry and progression in the AEC industry that also requires multi-level interventions; (2) traditional architecture education affects female students and educators who find networking, social capital and leadership opportunities to challenge gender-based stereotypes and promote workplace equity, and finally, (3) observe enablers for fostering equity in architecture and education, which should not be limited to policy-driven interventions but structural transformations through transparency, mentorship, leadership, awareness raising and empowerment of women and men, promoting inclusivity and gender equity in the AEC industry.Research limitations/implicationsThis study considers a global understanding of gender equity in the AEC industry, regional and country-specific analysis needs to be considered in future studies. The study's focus is on women’s inclusion, acknowledging the limitations of conventional binary gender concepts; future studies need to include the experiences of LGBTI + communities and other underrepresented groups. The literature review considers only academic articles; future research should also consider industry reports, government initiatives and organisational documents for a broader understanding of diversity efforts in business.Originality/valueThis paper observes the issues for gender-inclusive architecture within the context of a male-dominant AEC industry through linking architectural education and practice. Studies rarely focus on this link and address workplace issues. This study highlights this link and extends the discussion through the critical literature review, providing a new ground for geographic-specific or intersectional studies.

Claim Management and Dispute Resolution in the Construction Industry: Current Research Trends Using Novel Technologies

In the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry claims arise frequently, often resulting in disputes. Claim management should be efficient to prevent claims from escalating into disputes, and if disputes are still unavoidable, they should be resolved without delay for the construction process to resume. First, by conducting a bibliometric review, this paper attempts to investigate the literature on construction claims and dispute resolution practices by employing the Scopus database and VOSviewer to retrieve and analyze related sources. The overall trend of research by country, source, and authors is detected, and the emergence of novel technologies such as BIM, blockchain, and smart contracts appearing after 2020 concerning the investigation into construction claim management and dispute resolution was identified. Second, a content analysis on the most recent publications published between 2020 and 2022 was undertaken, indicating six main research themes that represent current research trends. The employment of novel technologies to enhance claim management and dispute resolution practices in the AEC sector is identified, as well. Finally, in order to assist construction professionals and researchers in their work to address construction claims and disputes more efficiently, potential research directions are proposed.

Digital technology-enabled AEC project management: practical use cases, deployment patterns and emerging trends

PurposeDespite extensive academic research related to digital technologies (DT), their integration into architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) projects lags in practice. This paper aims to discover DT deployment patterns and emerging trends in real-life AEC projects.Design/methodology/approachA case study methodology was adopted, including individual case analyses and comparative multiple-case analyses.FindingsThe results revealed the temporal distribution of DT in practical AEC projects, specific DT products/software, major project types integrated with digital solutions, DT application areas and project stages and associated project performance. Three distinct patterns in DT adoption have been observed, reflecting the evolution of DT applications, the progression from single to multiple DT integration and alignment with emerging industry requirements. The DT adoption behavior in the studied cases has been examined using the technology-organization-environment-human (TOE + H) framework. Further, eight emerging trend streams for future DT adoption were identified, with “leveraging the diverse features of certain mature DT” being a shared recognition of all studied companies.Practical implicationsThis research offers actionable insights for AEC companies, facilitating the development of customized DT implementation roadmaps aligned with organizational needs. Policymakers, industry associations and DT suppliers may leverage these findings for informed decision-making, collaborative educational initiatives and product/service customization.Originality/valueThis research provides empirical evidence of applicable products/software, application areas and project performance. The examination of the TOE + H framework offers a holistic understanding of the collective influences on DT adoption. The identification of emerging trends addresses the evolving demands of the AEC industry in the digital era.

3D VISIBILITY ANALYSES USING BIM & GIS INTEGRATION

Abstract. Visibility is a significant parameter for defining, developing, and evaluating space in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) Industry. Therefore, visibility is considered when designing visually comfortable buildings. Visibility is also a significant parameter in building appraisal. Therefore, in this study, visibility was examined through 3-dimensional (3D) isovists, which are thought to represent the human perception of vision. Visibility was examined regarding spatial openness and mathematically calculated “visual openness indexes” were developed for building valuation. The analysis area was selected in Istanbul, and the urban model was created by using Geographic Information System (GIS) data in Building Information Modelling (BIM) software. Due to, economic reasons affecting different stakeholders in building valuation, it is necessary to create an accurate urban model. For this reason, in the study, the process of obtaining current and accurate GIS data covering the world from open sources is preferred. Then, the process of correctly transferring GIS data to BIM is explained. A sufficient urban model for analysis is created. To calculate the openness indexes, the dormitory in the Golden Horn was modelled in BIM, and different rooms' openness indexes were calculated. Some solutions have been presented to ensure the modelling process with large file sizes and in the calculation of visibility factors. To allow different AEC stakeholders to calculate these indexes, modelling, and calculation is done within BIM. Eventually, it was calculated how much the building users cognitively perceive the openness of the view, and a mathematical comparison of the different rooms' openness indexes was provided.

Maturity of BIM Implementation in the Jordanian AEC Industry

Purpose: The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry in Jordan is continually evolving and integrating new methods and technologies. However, the implementation of BIM workflows and digitised processes has been very slow. This research aims to provide an assessment of the current status of BIM implementation and use within the AEC industry in Jordan. Design / methodology / approach: AEC professionals in Jordan were surveyed using a questionnaire and perceptions of BIM was obtained by followup structured interviews with experienced AEC professionals. Findings: This research evaluates the maturity of BIM understanding and implementation in Jordan and identifies three critical areas for the improvement and optimisation of BIM implementation in Jordan. Originality / value: This research provides a current view of the status of BIM implementation within the AEC industry in Jordan, identifies progress to date towards raising awareness of the benefits of BIM adoption, makes the needed information available for policy makers and project stakeholders, and proposes potential initiatives to support the implementation of BIM across Jordan.

A Holonic Construction Management System for the Efficient Implementation of Building Energy Renovation Actions

In the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry, many efforts have provided remarkable contributions to construction planning and control processes during work execution. Nevertheless, frequent coordination issues among stakeholders and difficulties in dealing with unexpected events can be explained by the complexity featuring the construction sector. Several approaches to deal with this issue were investigated in the manufacturing area, among which this paper looks at the holonic approach as one of the most promising strategies. This study first analyzes the more fragmented and dynamic nature of the construction industry as compared with the manufacturing one. Secondly, it suggests developing a process-based holonic construction management system based on building information modeling (BIM) and a conceptual architecture for manufacturing control called Product Resource Order Staff Architecture (PROSA). The process-based paradigm ensures exploiting the benefits of BIM towards the development of sustainable and efficient regeneration methods of the built environment. Subsequently, a first management system prototype was developed and tested for the purpose of renovation works management. For the first time, results from an actual implementation of PROSA were applied to a real construction site, and its feasibility was assessed using the data on the field. Key performance indicators (KPIs) evaluated during the onsite demonstration confirmed a good performance of PROSA and the presented holonic approach, which contributed to the overall success of the energy efficient refurbishment project.

Analysis of Critical Factors and Strategies for Implementing and Using BIM in the Public Sector

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a widely adopted technology in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AECO) sector, with a commercial applicability of over 20 years. However, it has not yet reached all sectors and professionals within the industry. Given this reality, this work aims to identify successful strategies and critical factors reported in global public sector experiences of BIM implementation and usage, to pinpoint the necessary approaches for its development. A systematic literature review was conducted with a qualitative-quantitative approach to achieve this. The results highlight that factors related to cultural change and training are the most critical, along with integrating technology into processes, the lack of BIM standardization, and a lack of government incentives. In light of these findings, it is understood that BIM is predominantly used for modeling, and there are still gaps in understanding the technology's use for information management. This research also presents correlations between the factors identified by authors, associating them with suggested or implemented strategies in successful experiences. These contributions can serve as the basis for further studies on maturity diagnosis or assist in formulating future BIM implementation strategies.

Research Perspectives on Buildings’ Sustainability after COVID-19: Literature Review and Analysis of Changes

The concept of sustainability introduced in 1987 has characterised the world of research in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) sector, directing it to try to tackle the problems inherent to the impacts of climate change on buildings. In addition, the advent of COVID-19, disrupting the world and people’s habits, has obviously also strongly affected the academic world. Indeed, this paper aims to analyse the changes and differences between the pre- and post-pandemic periods through a two-stage hybrid literature review. First, through a systematic literature review, 90 articles were selected, filtered through different keywords (sustainability, climate, architecture, and buildings). Once the reasoned selection of papers had been made, it was possible to proceed to the second phase, which involved a thematic analysis according to the three classic macro themes of sustainability (Environment, Social, and Economic) and the inclusion of a fourth macro theme (Management and Development), which made it possible to reintroduce a holistic view of the problem. The results of this literature review revealed the presence of a growing interest in the topic analysed and a more homogenous distribution across all continents, with no distinction between developed and developing countries. Economic sustainability interests emerge post-COVID-19 through the deepening of the themes of clean energy and direct control of consumption. At the level of Environmental sustainability, on the other hand, COVID-19 replaced the house at the centre of people’s lives. In addition, the Management and Development macro theme highlighted the need for an integrated view of the problem and the unexpected return of researchers preferring new constructions, which, despite alternative green approaches and renovations, can guarantee better performance.

Novel framework for BIM interoperability for sustainability and green buildings - an application for concrete structures

The construction industry has a great impact on the environment, therefore sustainable construction presents itself as a growing requirement of society. However, the concern with green buildings must not only be considered during the construction stage, but also during the entire life cycle of the building, integrating all stages from the design up until the demolition. Ensuring that the information permeates this lifecycle without data losses is vital. This way, efficient interoperability can support sustainability, allowing data to feed the process, and promoting the creation of more sustainable buildings. BIM (Building Information Modeling) arises as a means to support interoperability improvements in the AEC (Architecture, Engineering, and Construction) industry, by sharing models through open formats and enabling communication amongst actors. This paper presents a framework for BIM interoperability, with the goal to support knowledge organization and aid users in the decision-making processes. It will allow users to track sustainability concepts throughout the entire green BIM lifecycle and to improve processes in the construction industry toward more interoperable processes, minimizing data loss, and improving communication and efficiency. The framework is presented through process mapping techniques to analyze and integrate sustainability concepts using BIM throughout the lifecycle of a building. This framework considers not only data interoperability but also other aspects such as process, business, and service interoperability. Also, an application of the framework is described, using the case of cast-in-place concrete structures. Research findings identified the critical data points in the lifecycle of concrete structures which can influence sustainability.

Penerapan Building Information Modeling (BIM) untuk Pengestimasian Biaya Proyek Pembangunan Pos Jaga di SD dan SMP Terpadu Balikpapan Selatan

With the development of the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) industry, currently a lot of software has been developed to meet the needs of the construction industry with the aim of minimizing human error due to conventional data processing. This study aims to analyze the results of volume and cost comparisons using the 5D Building Information Modeling (BIM) concept with conventional methods in the New School Unit construction project for integrated Elemntary School and Junior High School development in the South Balikpapan sub-district. By using Revit, the 2D image obtained from the consultant is modeled back into 3D form so that the material volume requirements become more detailed. It can be seen from the consultant's calculation of 961.46kg from the Autodeks Revit 621.34kg software that there is a difference of 340.12kg or 35%, for the volume of concrete work from The consultant's calculation has a volume of 17.65m3 from the Autodeks Revit software which has a volume of 12.01m3, a difference of 5.64m3 or 32%. For concrete work costs from consultants amounting to Rp14,787,292.87 from Autodeks Revit software Rp9,549,377.76, which has a difference of Rp5,237,915.11 or 35%, for concrete work costs from consultants amounting to Rp19,373,381 from Autodeks Revit software, the cost is Rp13,078,977, which has a difference of Rp6,294,404.07 or 32%. This illustrates that using the 3D BIM concept supported by Revit software is able to provide detailed material take-off results so as to reduce wasted material and support the 5D BIM concept in supporting cost estimation calculations.

Knowledge ambidexterity in construction project-based organizations: predicaments of knowledge networking intention within outbound consultant-supplier interfaces

PurposeAgenda for knowledge creation within inter-project alliances and inter-firm supply chain networks has been extensively debated. However, the existing knowledge networks within consultant-supplier interfaces in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry seem to be vague, loose, incidental and insignificant. This study examines factors affecting knowledge networking intention (KNI) within construction service supply chain (CSSC) networks.Design/methodology/approachData analysis was conducted on a quantitative survey of 161 consulting professional service firms in Tanzania, employing stepwise regression modelling as the statistical technique.FindingsThe results indicate that three types of knowledge inertia (KI) exert varying effects on KNI. While both procedural (PI) and learning inertia (LI) negatively impact KNI, experience inertia (EI) has no impact on KNI. In addition, knowledge governance (KG) mechanisms are found to strongly strengthen and leverage the negative effects of PI and LI on KNI and the positive link between EI and KNI within outbound and heterogeneous CSSC actors, with formal KG having greater leverage than informal KG.Practical implicationsThe study offers guidance on how managers of PBOs should strategically orchestrate knowledge governance mechanisms within CSSC networks to leverage KI behaviours.Originality/valueCurrent literature on KNI, KI and KG within CSSC networks offers a limited understanding of how KI behaviours influence KNI of project-based organizations (PBOs) in tapping vibrant outbound peripheral knowledge. The research presents two major original contributions. First, the empirical evidence contributes to deepening the current understanding of how heterogeneous external knowledge within consultant-supplier interactions is negatively influenced by KI. Lastly, the study suggests formal and informal knowledge governance strategies for managers on how to counteract KI forces, thus extending the theoretical debate on KNI, KI and KG literature.

Analyzing the economic value of BIM technology in urban real estate adjudication through Meta

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a transformative advancement for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, providing comprehensive insights throughout the building lifecycle. With its inherent 3D technical capabilities, BIM has great potential for real estate valuation in the AEC space. While there are a number of studies exploring BIM in this regard, there is limited understanding of the best mechanisms to capitalize on its valuation potential. The purpose of this paper is to delve into the literature on the use of BIM in real estate valuation, emphasizing the role of Meta-analysis. Through a systematic review of 52 publications (including journal papers, conference papers, proceedings, book chapters, and dissertations), the study identifies challenges, limitations, and gaps in current practice. The study covers research findings up to October 2023 utilizing databases such as Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. The paper provides an overview of current BIM applications and suggests future research directions, making a significant contribution to the integration of 3D modeling in real estate appraisal. Notably, it highlights the critical role of meta-analysis in facilitating the understanding and utilization of BIM for real estate appraisal.

The use of AI algorithms in architecture, engineering and construction: A tool for crisis prevention? The uncertainty perspective

Within the Architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) sector we see movements toward greater use of industrial robots, machine learning, algorithms, and other artificial intelligence (AI) tools. Yet, the AEC industry, despite being one of the largest fields on a global scale, is known for being the slowest to digitalize and innovate. Factors such as unrecognizing the value of digitalization by the decision-makers and making safety-related decisions under high levels of uncertainty, appear to be critical in preventing successful large-scale digitalization. This situation raises multiple questions from a risk science perspective. How, among other things, might the expansion of AI and more specifically AI algorithms usage in the AEC field affect uncertainties, and could AI be considered a tool for preventing crises? To obtain responses to these questions, we conducted 21 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with AEC employees who are currently using AI and AI algorithms or will soon be doing so in their everyday work. Our findings show potential for wider use within the AEC field, subject to overcoming knowledge gaps. Moreover, although having the potential to reduce some uncertainties, the increased use of AI and AI algorithms appears to be introducing an entirely new set of uncertainties. As a result, although AI may effectively prevent certain crises and be regarded as crisis prevention tool, its inadequate implementation could potentially create new risks.

Pemodelan 3D Jembatan Lengkung, Studi Kasus Jembatan Bukit Sulap, Menggunakan Software Autodesk Revit

Infrastructure is an essential sector in a country, and infrastructure development reflects the country's progress. Infrastructure development is a priority, but the implementation of infrastructure projects needs to pay attention to time, costs and quality. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has the potential to minimize errors and increase efficiency. BIM is a method that was originally applied to the AEC (Architecture, Engineering and Construction) industry. BIM technology makes it possible to create 3D building models that contain information, analysis of work volume calculations, scheduling, and cost calculations. There is several software that applies BIM technology such as Autodesk Revit, Autodesk Advanced Steel, Tekla Structures and Navisworks. BIM technology has been widely applied in construction projects in Indonesia, be it buildings, roads or bridges. In this research, modelling of a steel truss bridge with an arch type was carried out using Autodesk Revit software. This research was conducted to determine the capabilities and limitations of Autodesk Revit software in modelling arch-type steel frame bridge structures. The modelling in this research uses DED (Detailed Engineering Design) image sources for the Bukit Sulap Bridge project, which were obtained from the PUPR Department of Lubuklinggau City. The modelling carried out is in the form of steel frames, bracing, girder beams and bridge connections.